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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Old Mines, Missouri ： ウィキペディア英語版 Old Mines, Missouri Old Mines ((フランス語:La Vieille Mine)) is the name of an unincorporated community and surrounding area in southeast Missouri that were settled by French colonists in the early 18th century when the area was part of the Illinois Country of New France.〔Schroeder p.306〕 The early settlers came to mine for lead, and their descendants still inhabit the area where, through a combination of geographic and cultural isolation,〔Schroeder pp.319-320〕 they maintained a distinctive French culture well into the 20th century. As recently as the late 1980s there may have been a thousand native speakers of the region's Missouri French dialect.〔Stroughmatt 2007.〕 This culturally distinct population has sometimes been referred to as "paw-paw French"〔Vivrett.〕〔Miller p.174〕 and lives in an amorphous area in Washington, Jefferson, and St. Francois counties roughly either side of a line from Potosi to De Soto.〔 The village of Old Mines itself is in northeastern Washington County six miles north of Potosi. == Early history == The southeast Missouri lead district is the location of the earth's greatest known concentration of galena, an ore of lead.〔Seeger, p.5〕 Found first in surface deposits over a wide area, and now mined deep underground, the ore was known to the native Indians of the region from whom it became known to early French explorers. Father Jaques Gravier noted in his journal in October 1700, the presence of rich lead ore twelve or thirteen leagues from the mouth of the "River Miaramigoua" (Meramec), that is .〔Ekberg ''et al.'', p.9〕 At that time the Meramec tributary Big River was considered part of the Meramec and often called the Little Meramec (French ''Petit Merrimac'').〔Schroeder, p.303〕 The distance cited on the Meramec proper would not be in an especially mineralized region, but if taken to mean the Big River, it would lead to its headwaters and possibly refer to areas on the Mineral Fork or Old Mines Creek where some of the earliest mining took place.〔 The French sent a series of ill-equipped mining expeditions into what is now Missouri to search for silver, which is sometimes found with lead ore. One expedition was led by Jacques ''sieur'' de Lochon, a Parisian and a smelter, and another was led by ''sieur'' La Renaudière.〔Ekberg ''et al.'', p.10〕 Neither expedition produced much to show for their efforts, although Renaudière was able to smelt some poor-quality lead. In 1720 Philippe François Renault arrived with professional miners. Renault found and successfully worked large quantities of lead on the "Merameg" in what is now the Old Mines region.〔Balesi, p. 145〕 Renault received a grant in 1723 for one and a half leagues along the ''Petit Merrimac'' and extending up the first tributary (''la première branche'') six leagues for a total of 9 square leagues.〔 The exact location of Renault's grant and mines is not known, but the "first branch" could be Fourche à Renault Creek, with the mines perhaps at Ebo, or it could be Old Mines Creek with the mines at Old Mines itself.〔Schroeder, p.304〕 Renault's mines were worked until the 1730s, were closed for some years, and reopened in 1743. Old Mines existed as a village of some sort by 1748 when it was listed as the residence of a coupled married at Fort de Chartres, given as ''village des mines''.〔 Discovery of Mine à Breton in the 1770s drained much of the effort from Old Mines, but as Old Mines was only to the north, it was close enough that some miners continued to live there while working Mine à Breton. Some of the miners' families moved back and forth between Old Mines and Mine à Breton. It is unclear whether Old Mines was continuously inhabited through the 1790s into the first years of the 19th century. There may have been disruptions due to raids by the Osage, and there is record of a complaint that inhabitants were forced to abandon their homes due to pollution of Old Mines Creek by animal and mining waste.〔Schroeder, p.305〕 Nevertheless, there were enough inhabitants in 1797 for a petition to be made for an agricultural concession, a request that was not acted on but which may have helped forestall a later request for mining concession by the American Moses Austin who had started larger-scale mining and refining at Mine à Breton.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Mines, Missouri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.